Unix 有用命令

這裏列出的命令，包括語法和簡要說明。如需詳細資料，請使用：

$man command

文件和目錄：

這些命令允許你創建的目錄和處理文件。

命令

描述

cat

Display File Contents

Changes Directory to dirname

chgrp

change file group

chmod

Changing Permissions

Copy source file into destination

file

Determine file type

find

Find files

grep

Search files for regular expressions.

head

Display first few lines of a file

Create softlink on oldname

Display information about file type.

mkdir

Create a new directory dirname

Display data in paginated form.

Move (Rename) a oldname to newname.

pwd

Print current working directory.

Remove (Delete) filename

rmdir

Delete an existing directory provided it is empty.

tail

Prints last few lines in a file.

touch

Update access and modification time of a file.

操作數據：

可以比較改變文件的內容，並用下面的命令。

命令

描述

awk

Pattern scanning and processing language

cmp

Compare the contents of two files

comm

Compare sorted data

cut

Cut out selected fields of each line of a file

diff

Differential file comparator

expand

Expand tabs to spaces

join

Join files on some common field

perl

Data manipulation language

sed

Stream text editor

sort

Sort file data

split

Split file into smaller files

Translate characters

uniq

Report repeated lines in a file

Count words, lines, and characters

Opens vi text editor

vim

Opens vim text editor

fmt

Simple text formatter

spell

Check text for spelling error

ispell

Check text for spelling error

ispell

Check text for spelling error

emacs

GNU project Emacs

ex, edit

Line editor

emacs

GNU project Emacs

emacs

GNU project Emacs

壓縮文件：

文件可能被壓縮以節省空間。壓縮文件，可以創建和檢查：

命令

描述

compress

Compress files

gunzip

Uncompress gzipped files

gzip

GNU alternative compression method

uncompress

Uncompress files

unzip

List, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive

zcat

Cat a compressed file

zcmp

Compare compressed files

zdiff

Compare compressed files

zmore

File perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text

獲取信息：

各種UNIX手冊和文檔上線。下面的 Shell 命令給出的信息：

命令

描述

apropos

Locate commands by keyword lookup

info

Displays command information pages online

man

Displays manual pages online

whatis

Search the whatis database for complete words.

yelp

GNOME help viewer

網絡通信：

這些命令是用來發送和接收文件從全球各地遠程主機到本地UNIX主機。

命令

描述

ftp

File transfer program

rcp

Remote file copy

rlogin

Remote login to a UNIX host

rsh

Remote shell

tftp

Trivial file transfer program

telnet

Make terminal connection to another host

ssh

Secure shell terminal or command connection

scp

Secure shell remote file copy

sftp

secure shell file transfer program

出於安全原因，有些命令在您的計算機可能會受到限制。

用戶之間的消息：

UNIX 系統支持的屏幕上的消息給其他用戶和世界各地的電子郵箱：

命令

描述

evolution

GUI mail handling tool on Linux

mail

Simple send or read mail program

mesg

Permit or deny messages

parcel

Send files to another user

pine

Vdu-based mail utility

talk

Talk to another user

write

Write message to another user

編程工具：

下面的編程語言和工具都是基於你已經安裝到你的Unix。

命令

描述

dbx

Sun debugger

gdb

GNU debugger

make

Maintain program groups and compile programs.

Print program's name list

size

Print program's sizes

strip

Remove symbol table and relocation bits

C program beautifier

ANSI C compiler for Suns SPARC systems

ctrace

C program debugger

gcc

GNU ANSI C Compiler

indent

Indent and format C program source

Interactive arithmetic language processor

gcl

GNU Common Lisp

perl

General purpose language

php

Web page embedded language

Python language interpreter

asp

Web page embedded language

C++ compiler for Suns SPARC systems

g++

GNU C++ Compiler

javac

JAVA compiler

appletvieweir

JAVA applet viewer

netbeans

Java integrated development environment on Linux

sqlplus

Run the Oracle SQL interpreter

sqlldr

Run the Oracle SQL data loader

mysql

Run the mysql SQL interpreter

其他命令：

這些命令列出或改變有關係統的信息：

命令

描述

chfn

Change your finger information

chgrp

Change the group ownership of a file

chown

Change owner

date

Print the date

determin

Automatically find terminal type

Print amount of disk usage

echo

Echo arguments to the standard options

exit

Quit the system

finger

Print information about logged-in users

groupadd

Create a user group

groups

Show group memberships

homequota

Show quota and file usage

iostat

Report I/O statistics

kill

Send a signal to a process

last

Show last logins of users

logout

log off UNIX

lun

List user names or login ID

netstat

Show network status

passwd

Change user password

passwd

Change your login password

printenv

Display value of a shell variable

Display the status of current processes

Print process status statistics

quota -v

Display disk usage and limits

reset

Reset terminal mode

script

Keep script of terminal session

script

Save the output of a command or process

setenv

Set environment variables

stty

Set terminal options

time

Time a command

top

Display all system processes

tset

Set terminal mode

tty

Print current terminal name

umask

Show the permissions that are given to view files by default

uname

Display name of the current system

uptime

Get the system up time

useradd

Create a user account

users

Print names of logged in users

vmstat

Report virtual memory statistics

Show what logged in users are doing

who

List logged in users